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Stainless steel material and identification

2025-02-17

Steel that is resistant to corrosion from weak corrosive media such as air, steam, and water, as well as chemical corrosive media such as acids, bases, and salts. Also known as stainless acid-resistant steel. In practical applications, steel that resists weak corrosive media is often referred to as stainless steel, while steel that resists chemical media corrosion is called acid-resistant steel. Due to the differences in chemical composition, the former does not necessarily resist chemical media corrosion, while the latter generally possesses stainless properties. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel depends on the alloying elements contained in the steel. Chromium is the essential element that gives stainless steel its corrosion resistance. When the chromium content in the steel reaches about 12%, chromium reacts with the oxygen in the corrosive medium to form a very thin oxide film (self-passivation film) on the surface of the steel, which can prevent further corrosion of the steel substrate. In addition to chromium, commonly used alloying elements include nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, copper, and nitrogen, to meet the requirements of various applications for the structure and performance of stainless steel. Stainless steel is usually classified according to its matrix structure into: ① Ferritic stainless steel. Contains 12% to 30% chromium. Its corrosion resistance, toughness, and weldability improve with increasing chromium content, and its resistance to chloride stress corrosion is superior to other types of stainless steel. ② Austenitic stainless steel. Contains more than 18% chromium, as well as about 8% nickel and small amounts of molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen, and other elements. It has good comprehensive performance and can resist corrosion from various media. ③ Austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel. Combines the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels and has superplasticity. ④ Martensitic stainless steel. Has high strength but poor plasticity and weldability.  

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